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字典:
#可以用大括号创建字典,也可以用工厂函数创建;cleese={} palin=dict()#给字典加入一些数据cleese['Name'] = 'John Cleese'cleese['Occupations'] = ['actor','comedian','writer',]#查看里面有哪些数据项In [9]: cleeseOut[9]: {'Name': 'John Cleese', 'Occupations': ['actor', 'comedian', 'writer']}palin = {'Name':'Michael Palin','Occupations':['comedian','actor','writer','tv']}In [11]: palinOut[11]: {'Name': 'Michael Palin', 'Occupations': ['comedian', 'actor', 'writer', 'tv']}#可以通过键来调用对应的数据In [13]: palin['Name']Out[13]: 'Michael Palin'#如果字典中一个键对应着多个数据项,也可以使用类似列表的记号访问。In [15]: palin['Occupations'][-1]Out[15]: 'tv'In [16]: palin['Occupations'][1]Out[16]: 'actor'In [17]: palin['Occupations'][0]Out[17]: 'comedian'
一、对以下数据做处理,输出保留人名和比赛数据排序后的前三项。
Sarah Sweeney,2002-6-17,2:58,2.58,2:39,2-25,2-25,2:54,2.18,2:55,2:55
第一版代码:
#!/usr/local/python3/bin/python3def sanitize(time_string): if '-' in time_string: splitter='-' elif ':' in time_string: splitter=':' else: return(time_string) (mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter) return(mins + '.' + secs)def get_file_data(filename): try: with open(filename) as f: data = f.readline() return(data.strip().split(',')) except IOError as ioerr: print('File error' + str(ioerr)) return(None)sarah1 = get_file_data('sarah2')#这里是将列表中前两项数据,人名和生日使用pop弹出到sarah_name,sarah_dob两个变量中。(sarah_name,sarah_dob) = sarah1.pop(0),sarah1.pop(0)#这里要做字符串拼接,所以后面的序列处理完之后,需要使用str()转换成字符串。print(sarah_name + "'s fastest times are:" + str(sorted(set([ sanitize(i) for i in sarah1 ]))[0:3]))
输出结果:
Sarah Sweeney's fastest times are:['2.18', '2.25', '2.39']
二、上面定义的函数不变,我们使用字典的方式来完成
第二版代码:
#!/usr/local/python3/bin/python3def sanitize(time_string): if '-' in time_string: splitter='-' elif ':' in time_string: splitter=':' else: return(time_string) (mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter) return(mins + '.' + secs)def get_file_data(filename): try: with open(filename) as f: data = f.readline() return(data.strip().split(',')) except IOError as ioerr: print('File error' + str(ioerr)) return(None)sarah1 = get_file_data('sarah2')#定义字典sarah_dic=dict()#将列表中前两个数据项,弹出保存到字典对应的键上。sarah_dic['name'] = sarah1.pop(0)sarah_dic['dob'] = sarah1.pop(0)#姓名和日期都弹出了,sarah1里面剩下的就是时间数据了,保存在sarah_dic字典中,键为time;sarah_dic['time'] = sarah1print(sarah_dic['name'] + "'s fastest time are: " + str(sorted(set([sanitize(i) for i in sarah1]))[0:3]))
输出结果与上面相同
三、把字典的创建移到get_file_data() 函数中,返回一个字典而不是列表。 并且把数据切片,去重复项,排序也移到get_file_data函数中,调用函数完成4个选手的成绩输出。
第三版代码:
#!/usr/local/python3/bin/python3def sanitize(time_string): if '-' in time_string: splitter='-' elif ':' in time_string: splitter=':' else: return(time_string) (mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter) return(mins + '.' + secs)def get_file_data(filename): try: with open(filename) as f: data = f.readline() templ = data.strip().split(',') return({'name':templ.pop(0), 'dob':templ.pop(0), 'time':str(sorted(set([sanitize(i) for i in templ]))[0:3])}) except IOError as ioerr: print('File error' + str(ioerr)) return(None)james1 = get_file_data('james2')julie1 = get_file_data('julie2')mikey1 = get_file_data('mikey2')sarah1 = get_file_data('sarah2')print(james1['name'] + "'s fastest time are: " + james1['time'])print(julie1['name'] + "'s fastest time are: " + julie1['time'])print(mikey1['name'] + "'s fastest time are: " + mikey1['time'])print(sarah1['name'] + "'s fastest time are: " + sarah1['time'])
输出结果:
难点:
def get_file_data(filename): try: with open(filename) as f: data = f.readline() templ = data.strip().split(',')#可以看到这里是返回字典了,发现连字典名都没有,直接返回的是键和对应的数据。 return({'name':templ.pop(0), 'dob':templ.pop(0), 'time':str(sorted(set([sanitize(i) for i in templ]))[0:3])}) except IOError as ioerr: print('File error' + str(ioerr)) return(None) #由于返回过来的直接是字典数据,这里用任何的变量调函数,都会变成字典,而函数返回键值对应的数据就保存在该字典中。james1 = get_file_data('james2') #这里就可以使用字典和键"james1['name']"来输出数据了。print(james1['name'] + "'s fastest time are: " + james1['time'])
引入Class代替字典重构程序:
#!/usr/local/python3/bin/python3#def sanitize(time_string): if '-' in time_string: splitter='-' elif ':' in time_string: splitter=':' else: return(time_string) (mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter) return(mins + '.' + secs)class Athlete(): def __init__(self,a_name,a_dob,a_times=[]): self.name = a_name self.dob = a_dob self.time = a_times def top3(self): return(sorted(set(sanitize(i) for i in self.time))[0:3])def get_file_data(filename): try: with open(filename) as f: data = f.readline() templ = data.strip().split(',')#这里是直接返回类,并且把类可以被传入的参数一并返回。 return (Athlete(templ.pop(0),templ.pop(0),templ)) except IOError as ioerr: print('File error' + str(ioerr)) return(None)#由于函数直接返回的是类,这里用任何变量,都会成为返回类的实例化对象。 james1 = get_file_data('james2')julie1 = get_file_data('julie2')mikey1 = get_file_data('mikey2')sarah1 = get_file_data('sarah2')print(james1.name + "'s fastest time are: " + str(james1.top3()))print(julie1.name + "'s fastest time are: " + str(julie1.top3()))print(mikey1.name + "'s fastest time are: " + str(mikey1.top3()))print(sarah1.name + "'s fastest time are: " + str(sarah1.top3()))
#这里的print是在玩字符串拼接,所以str要把sarah1.top3()实例的方法输出,转换为字符串才能拼接。
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